Gladiolus 1a Lund Bot Garden 081103 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus 1b Lund Bot Garden 081103 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus 1b Tradouws Pass, Western Cape, South Africa 011025 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus 2 De Hoop, near the sea, Western Cape, South Africa 011024 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus bullatus 4 Fernkloof, Western Cape, South Africa 100919 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus bullatus 5 Fernkloof, Western Cape, South Africa 100919 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus carneus 1 Manawatu River Estuary Wetland NZ 151112 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus carneus 1 Tradouws Pass, Western Cape, South Africa 100922 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus carneus 2 Manawatu River Estuary Wetland NZ 151112 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus carneus 2 Tradouws Pass, Western Cape, South Africa 100922 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus carneus 3 Manawatu River Estuary Wetland NZ 151112 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus carneus 3 Tradouws Pass, Western Cape, South Africa 100922 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus carneus 4 Garcia's Pass, Riversdale, Western Cape, South Africa 161001 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus carneus 5 Garcia's Pass, Riversdale, Western Cape, South Africa 161001 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus carneus 6 Garcia's Pass, Riversdale, Western Cape, South Africa 161001 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus carneus 7 Manawatu River Estuary Wetland NZ 151112 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus carneus 8 Manawatu River Estuary Wetland NZ 151112 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus carneus 9 Manawatu River Estuary Wetland NZ 151112 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus cf hyalinus 3 Nieuwoudtville, Western Cape, South Africa 100910 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus cf hyalinus 4 Nieuwoudtville, Western Cape, South Africa 100910 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus cf hyalinus 5 Nieuwoudtville, Western Cape, South Africa 100910 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus cf italicus 1 La Plata, Gran Canaria 080418 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus cf italicus 2 La Plata, Gran Canaria 080418 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus cf italicus 3 Río de la Miel, Los Alcornocales Natural Park, Andalucía Spain 220413 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus cf italicus 5 Río de la Miel, Los Alcornocales Natural Park, Andalucía Spain 220413 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus cunonius 5 Slangkop, Cape Peninsula, Western Cape, South Africa 100915 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus cunonius 6 Lladudno Beach, Cape Peninsula, Western Cape, South Africa 100930 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus cunonius 7 Lladudno Beach, Cape Peninsula, Western Cape, South Africa 100930 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus cunonius 8 Lladudno Beach, Cape Peninsula, Western Cape, South Africa 100930 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus debilis 10 Kogelberg, Western Cape, South Africa 100917 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus debilis 11 Tradouws Pass, Western Cape, South Africa 100922 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus debilis 12 Tradouws Pass, Western Cape, South Africa 100922 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus debilis 13 Tradouws Pass, Western Cape, South Africa 100922 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus debilis 2 Klein Blouberg, Cape Point, Western Cape, South Africa 100907 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus debilis 3 Klein Blouberg, Cape Point, Western Cape, South Africa 100907 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus debilis 4 Hottentots Holland, Western Cape, South Africa 100928 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus debilis 5 Klein Blouberg, Cape Point, Western Cape, South Africa 100907 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus debilis 5 Kogelberg, Western Cape, South Africa 100917 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus debilis 6 Klein Blouberg, Cape Point, Western Cape, South Africa 100907 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus debilis 7 Hottentots Holland, Western Cape, South Africa 100928 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus debilis 7 Kogelberg, Western Cape, South Africa 100917 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus debilis 8 Kogelberg, Western Cape, South Africa 100917 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus floribundus 2 Swartberg Pass NW of Oudtshoorn, Western Cape, South Africa 161005 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus floribundus 5 Swartberg Pass NW of Oudtshoorn, Western Cape, South Africa 161005 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus hyalinus 3 Nieuwoudtville, Western Cape, South Africa 100910 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus hyalinus 4 Nieuwoudtville, Western Cape, South Africa 100910 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus hyalinus 5 Nieuwoudtville, Western Cape, South Africa 100910 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus illyricus 10 NW of Dadia, Thracia, Greece 060606 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus illyricus 11 NW of Dadia, Thracia, Greece 060606 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus illyricus 2 Magaluf, Mallorca 110418 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus illyricus 3 Magaluf, Mallorca 110418 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus illyricus 4 Magaluf, Mallorca 110418 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus illyricus 8 near Alcántara SP 140507 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus imbricatus 7 S of Bulduri W of Riga, Latvia 060711 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus imbricatus 8 S of Bulduri W of Riga, Latvia 060711 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus imbricatus 9 S of Bulduri W of Riga, Latvia 060711 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus italicus 1 Samos City, Greece 920504 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus italicus 2 Samos City, Greece 920504 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus miniatus De Hoop, near the sea, Western Cape, South Africa 011024 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus murielae 1 Lund Bot Garden 081103 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus murielae 2 Lund Bot Garden 081103 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus murielae 3 Lund Bot Garden 081103 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus murielae 4 Lund Bot Garden 081103 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus patersoniae 1 Swartberg Pass NW of Oudtshoorn, Western Cape, South Africa 161005 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus 1a Tradouws Pass, Western Cape, South Africa 011025 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus alatus 1 road to Algeria, Western Cape, South Africa 100913 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus alatus 2 road to Algeria, Western Cape, South Africa 100913 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus alatus 3 road to Algeria, Western Cape, South Africa 100913 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus atroviolaceus 1 Yeghegnadzan mountains, Armenia 180511 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus atroviolaceus 2 Yeghegnadzan mountains, Armenia 180511 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus bullatus 1 Fernkloof, Western Cape, South Africa 100919 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus bullatus 2 Fernkloof, Western Cape, South Africa 100919 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus bullatus 3 Fernkloof, Western Cape, South Africa 100919 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus cf bullatus Tradouws Pass, Western Cape, South Africa 011025 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus cf hyalinus 1 Nieuwoudtville, Western Cape, South Africa 100910 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus cf hyalinus 2 Nieuwoudtville, Western Cape, South Africa 100910 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus cf inflatus 1 Betty's Bay, Western Cape, South Africa 100918 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus cf inflatus 2 Betty's Bay, Western Cape, South Africa 100918 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus cf inflatus 3 Betty's Bay, Western Cape, South Africa 100918 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus cf italicus 4 Río de la Miel, Los Alcornocales Natural Park, Andalucía Spain 220413 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus cunonius 1 Lladudno Beach, Cape Peninsula, Western Cape, South Africa 100930 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus cunonius 2 Lladudno Beach, Cape Peninsula, Western Cape, South Africa 100930 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus cunonius 3 road R310 at Wolfgat Nature Reserve E Capetown, Western Cape, South Africa 100916 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus cunonius 4 (to the left; Ferraria crispa to the right) Lladudno Beach, Cape Peninsula, Western Cape, South Africa 100930 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus debilis 1 Betty's Bay, Western Cape, South Africa 100918 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus debilis 1 Klein Blouberg, Cape Point, Western Cape, South Africa 100907 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus debilis 2 Betty's Bay, Western Cape, South Africa 100918 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus debilis 3 Betty's Bay, Western Cape, South Africa 100918 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus debilis 4 Klein Blouberg, Cape Point, Western Cape, South Africa 100907 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus debilis 6 Kogelberg, Western Cape, South Africa 100917 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus debilis 9 Kogelberg, Western Cape, South Africa 100917 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus floribundus 1 Swartberg Pass NW of Oudtshoorn, Western Cape, South Africa 161005 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus floribundus 3 Swartberg Pass NW of Oudtshoorn, Western Cape, South Africa 161005 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus floribundus 4 Swartberg Pass NW of Oudtshoorn, Western Cape, South Africa 161005 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus hyalinus 1 Nieuwoudtville, Western Cape, South Africa 100910 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus hyalinus 2 Nieuwoudtville, Western Cape, South Africa 100910 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus illyricus 1 Magaluf, Mallorca 110417 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus illyricus 5 Magaluf, Mallorca 110418 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus illyricus 6 near Alcántara SP 140507 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus illyricus 7 near Alcántara SP 140507 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus illyricus 9 near Alcántara SP 140507 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus imbricatus 1 S of Bulduri W of Riga, Latvia 060711 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus imbricatus 10 Segerstad lighthouse, Segerstad, Öland 180623 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus imbricatus 11 Segerstad lighthouse, Segerstad, Öland 180623 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus imbricatus 12 Segerstad lighthouse, Segerstad, Öland 180623 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus imbricatus 13 Segerstad lighthouse, Segerstad, Öland 180623 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus imbricatus 14 Segerstad lighthouse, Segerstad, Öland 180623 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus imbricatus 15 Segerstad lighthouse, Segerstad, Öland 180623 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus imbricatus 16 Segerstad lighthouse, Segerstad, Öland 180623 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus imbricatus 17 Segerstad lighthouse, Segerstad, Öland 180623 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus imbricatus 18 Segerstad lighthouse, Segerstad, Öland 180623 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus imbricatus 19 Segerstad lighthouse, Segerstad, Öland 180623 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus imbricatus 2 S of Bulduri W of Riga, Latvia 060711 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus imbricatus 20 Segerstad lighthouse, Segerstad, Öland 180623 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus imbricatus 3 S of Bulduri W of Riga, Latvia 060711 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus imbricatus 4 S of Bulduri W of Riga, Latvia 060711 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus imbricatus 5 S of Bulduri W of Riga, Latvia 060711 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus imbricatus 6 Peruchuv Mlýn, Slovakia 950701 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus italicus 3 Soulia, Crete 110326 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus italicus 4 Soulia, Crete 110326 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus patersoniae 2 Swartberg Pass NW of Oudtshoorn, Western Cape, South Africa 161005 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus patersoniae 3 Swartberg Pass NW of Oudtshoorn, Western Cape, South Africa 161005 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus patersoniae 4 Swartberg Pass NW of Oudtshoorn, Western Cape, South Africa 161005 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus permeabilis 1 near Haarwegskloof N of De Hoop, Western Cape, South Africa 160928 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus permeabilis 2 near Haarwegskloof N of De Hoop, Western Cape, South Africa 160928 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus permeabilis 3 near Haarwegskloof N of De Hoop, Western Cape, South Africa 160928 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus tristis Dept of Botany, Stockholm University 030401 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus venustus 1 road 303 N of Ceres, Western Cape, South Africa 100914 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus venustus 2 road 303 N of Ceres, Western Cape, South Africa 100914 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus venustus 3 road 303 N of Ceres, Western Cape, South Africa 100914 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).

Gladiolus venustus 4 road 303 N of Ceres, Western Cape, South Africa 100914 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).