Glossary - general
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Galeate – hollow and domed
Gametophyte – haploid generation that bears the sexual organs
Gamopetalous – with joined petals
Gamophyllous – with leaves connate by their edges
Gamosepalous – with joined sepals
Gamotepalous – with joined tepals
Garled – twisted, mis-shaped
Garside’s rule (of pollen grains) – (Proteaceae) the apertures of triaperturate pollen grains form in groups of three at four points in the tetraedral tetrad
Geminate – in pairs
Gemmate tectum (of pollen grains) – with an ornamentation of elements which are constricted at their base, taller than 1 µm and have approximately the same width as their height
Geniculate – bent like a knee
Geniculum (of petiole) – a knee-like angular structure at the distal part of the petiole near the lamina (in, i.a., some Araceae)
Geocarpic, geocarpous – fruits maturing underground, developed from aerial flowers and pushed into the ground as they ripen (e.g. peanut)
Geophilous – on, or from, the ground
Geophyte – plant surviving unfabourable season(s) by underground organs such as rhizome, bulb, tuber or root bud
Geophytic – plants with underground buds
Geotropic – turning towards the earth, growing downwards
Geoxylic habit – with massive woody underground parts
Germination – seed developing into seedling
Germination tube – germ tube; a thread-like outgrowth from a spore (e.g. a pollen grain, see Pollen tube)
Gibberulous – (Euphorbiaceae) slightly more convex on one side than on the other
Gibbosity, gibbosities – swellings
Gibbous – (1) more convex on one side than on the other, such as a not quite full moon; (2) inflated on one side near the base, slighly pouched
Girth – the circumference of a tree bole
Glabrate – without indument
Glabrescent – becoming glabrous or nearly so
Glabrous – smooth and without hairs, scales or other indumentum; nowadays often used for hairless alone
Gland – a secretory area or mass on the surface, either embedded or at the tip of a hair
Glandular – covered with glands or with a zone of secretion-producing tissue
Glandular cap (of leaf tooth) – a glandular structure covering the very apex of the leaf teeth (in, e.g., monimioid leaf teeth)
Glandular hair – a hair with secretory function
Glandular-punctate leaf or other organ – covered with glands which are sunk into the surface, and which usually show as translucent dots when held up to the light
Glanduliferous – bearing glands
Glandular tapetum – see Secretory tapetum
Glaucous – covered with a waxy bluish grey or sea-green bloom (as on a plum or cabbage)
Globose – round, spherical
Globules – small round three-dimensional bodies
Glochid – barbed bristle
Glochidiate – beset with barbed bristles
Glomerate – compactly clustered flowers collected into a dense group or head
Glomerulate – with glomerules
Glomerule – a dense cluster of (sub-)sessile flowers
Glomeruliform – shaped like a glomerule
Glomerum (of inflorescence) – a glomerulate ball-like and cymose inflorescence
Glumaceous – resembling the husk of a grain; a bract that appears to be a glume but is not
Glume – the bract, usually present in pairs, at the base of the grass spikelet
Glutinous – covered with sticky substance
Grade into – gradually change from one state to another
Grain – (1) general term for the fruit of cereals; (2) a small, rounded body (e.g. about the shape and size of a grain of rice)
Graminaceous – relating to grasses or grain-bearing plants
Granular, granulate – (of surface) covered with small grains; (of substance) consisting of , or mixed with, small grains
Granular ectexine/tectum (of pollen grains) – see Granular infratectum
Granular endosperm – with starch granules
Granular infratectum (of pollen grains) – the layer beneath the tectum provided with granules; with an exine stratification in which the infratectal layer is composed of rounded granules rather than of columellae or other structures
Granules – small amorphous grain-like particles
Granulose – composed of grains
Gregarious – growing in groups, and locally dominant
Grooved – with long narrow indentations
Guard cells – a pair of specialized cells surrounding the stomatal pore and usually surrounded by subsidiary cells
Gum – hardened exudate from wounded stem or leaves, soluble in water
Gynandrium – see Gynostemium
Gynobasic – when the style rises apparently from the base of the ovary (as in most Lamiaceae and Boraginaceae), rather than from the apex
Gynodioecious – with some plants bearing only functionally hermaphrodite flowers and other plants functionally female flowers
Gynoecial nectaries – nectaries present on the ovary, either near the base or on the upper parts, sometimes on top of the ovary; nectaries which are supplied by gynoecial vasculature branches
Gynoecium – the female element of a flower, the pistil(s)
Gynomonoecious – with functionally hermaphrodite flowers and functionally female flowers on the same plant
Gynophore – a stalk carrying the ovary (formed by elongation of the receptacle) (e.g. in Capparoideae and Cleomoideae)
Gynostegium – (1) an unspecified covering of the gynoecium; (2) (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae) a compound structure comprising the staminal column and the stigma-head, and formed by postgenital fusion between androecium and gynoecium, specifically between anthers and stigmas.
Gynostemium (gynandrium) – (Orchidaceae) of orchid flowers the column of an orchid, the male and female parts combined